Academic Radiology
Volume 16, Issue 11 , Pages 1366-1372 , November 2009

Proton and Phosphorous MR Spectroscopy in Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Head and Neck

  • Sanjeev Chawla, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, B6 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104
  • ,
  • Sungheon Kim, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, B6 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104
  • ,
  • Laurie A. Loevner, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, B6 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104
  • ,
  • Harry Quon, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, B6 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104
  • ,
  • Sumei Wang, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, B6 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104
  • ,
  • Faith Mutale, MSN, CRNP

      Affiliations

    • Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, B6 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104
  • ,
  • Gregory Weinstein, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, B6 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104
  • ,
  • Edward J. Delikatny, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, B6 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104
  • ,
  • Harish Poptani, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, B6 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to: H.P.

Received 12 March 2009 ,Accepted 1 June 2009.

References 

  1. Funk GF, Karnell LH, Robinson RA, Zhen WK, Trask DK, Hoffman HT. Presentation, treatment, and outcome of oral cavity cancer: a National Cancer data base report. Head Neck. 2002;24:165–180
  2. Scully C, Field JK, Tanzawa H. Genetic aberrations in oral or head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCCHN): 1. Carcinogen metabolism, DNA repair and cell cycle control. Oral Oncol. 2000;36:256–263
  3. Zorat PL, Paccagnella A, Cavaniglia G, et al. Randomized phase III trial of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in head and neck cancer: 10-year follow-up. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004;96:1714–1717
  4. Podo F. Tumour phospholipid metabolism. NMR Biomed. 1999;12:413–439
  5. McKenna WG, Lenkinski RE, Hendrix RA, Vogele KE, Bloch P. The use of magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy in the assessment of patients with head and neck and other superficial human malignancies. Cancer. 1989;64:2069–2075
  6. Maldonado X, Alonso J, Giralt J, et al. 31Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the assessment of head and neck tumors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1998;40:309–312
  7. Shukla-Dave A, Poptani H, Loevner LA, et al. Prediction of treatment response of head and neck cancers with P-31 MR spectroscopy from pretreatment relative phosphomonoester levels. Acad Radiol. 2002;9:688–694
  8. Arias-Mendoza F, Smith MR, Brown TR. Predicting treatment response in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma from the pretreatment tumor content of phosphoethanolamine plus phosphocholine. Acad Radiol. 2004;11:368–376
  9. Arias-Mendoza F, Zakian K, Schwartz A, et al. Methodological standardization for a multi-institutional in vivo trial of localized 31P MR spectroscopy in human cancer research. In vitro and normal volunteer studies. NMR Biomed. 2004;17:382–391
  10. Gadian DG, Isaacs EB, Cross JH, et al. Lateralization of brain function in childhood revealed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Neurology. 1996;46:974–977
  11. Bourne RM, Stanwell P, Stretch JR, et al. In vivo and ex vivo proton MR spectroscopy of primary and secondary melanoma. Eur J Radiol. 2005;53:506–513
  12. Hollingworth W, Medina LS, Lenkinski RE, et al. A systematic literature review of magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the characterization of brain tumors. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2006;27:1404–1411
  13. Miller BL. A review of chemical issues in 1H NMR spectroscopy: N-acetyl-L-aspartate, creatine and choline. NMR Biomed. 1991;4:47–52
  14. Mukherji SK, Schiro S, Castillo M, Kwock L, Muller KE, Blackstock W. Proton MR spectroscopy of squamous cell carcinoma of the extracranial head and neck: in vitro and in vivo studies. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1997;18:1057–1072
  15. Mukherji SK, Gerstle RJ. In vitro 1H MR spectroscopy of squamous cell carcinoma of the extracranial head and neck. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 1998;8:835–847
  16. Bisdas S, Baghi M, Huebner F, et al. In vivo proton MR spectroscopy of primary tumours, nodal and recurrent disease of the extracranial head and neck. Eur Radiol. 2007;17:251–257
  17. Kuesel AC, Graschew G, Hull WE, Lorenz W, Thielmann HW. 31P NMR studies of cultured human tumor cells. Influence of pH on phospholipid metabolite levels and the detection of cytidine 5′-diphosphate choline. NMR Biomed. 1990;3:78–89
  18. Star-Lack JM, Adalsteinsson E, Adam MF, et al. In vivo 1H MR spectroscopy of human head and neck lymph node metastasis and comparison with oxygen tension measurements. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2000;21:183–193
  19. Gerstle RJ, Aylward SR, Kromhout-Schiro S, Mukherji SK. The role of neural networks in improving the accuracy of MR spectroscopy for the diagnosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2000;21:1133–1138
  20. Maheshwari SR, Mukherji SK, Neelon B, et al. The choline/creatine ratio in five benign neoplasms: comparison with squamous cell carcinoma by use of in vitro MR spectroscopy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2000;21:1930–1935
  21. Bezabeh T, Odlum O, Nason R, et al. Prediction of treatment response in head and neck cancer by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2005;26:2108–2113
  22. Christiansen P, Toft PB, Gideon P, Danielsen ER, Ring P, Henriksen O. MR-visible water content in human brain: a proton MRS study. Magn Reson Imaging. 1994;12:1237–1244
  23. Poptani H, Gupta RK, Roy R, Pandey R, Jain VK, Chhabra DK. Characterization of intracranial mass lesions with in vivo proton MR spectroscopy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1995;16:1593–1603
  24. Mishra AM, Gupta RK, Jaggi RS, et al. Role of diffusion-weighted imaging and in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the differential diagnosis of ring-enhancing intracranial cystic mass lesions. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2004;28:540–547
  25. Vogl T, Peer F, Schedel H, et al. 31P-spectroscopy of head and neck tumors–surface coil technique. Magn Reson Imaging. 1989;7:425–435
  26. Hendrix RA, Lenkinski RE, Vogele K, Bloch P, McKenna WG. 31P localized magnetic resonance spectroscopy of head and neck tumors—preliminary findings. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1990;103:775–783
  27. Karczmar GS, Meyerhoff DJ, Boska MD, et al. P-31 spectroscopy study of response of superficial human tumors to therapy. Radiology. 1991;179:149–153
  28. Ruiz-Cabello J, Cohen JS. Phospholipid metabolites as indicators of cancer cell function. NMR Biomed. 1992;5:226–233
  29. Luyten PR, Bruntink G, Sloff FM, et al. Broadband proton decoupling in human 31P NMR spectroscopy. NMR Biomed. 1989;1:177–183
  30. Li CW, Negendank WG, Murphy-Boesch J, Padavic-Shaller K, Brown TR. Molar quantitation of hepatic metabolites in vivo in proton-decoupled, nuclear Overhauser effect enhanced 31P NMR spectra localized by three-dimensional chemical shift imaging. NMR Biomed. 1996;9:141–155
  31. Mukherji SK, Schiro S, Castillo M, et al. Proton MR spectroscopy of squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract: in vitro characteristics. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1996;17:1485–1490
  32. El-Sayed S, Bezabeh T, Odlum O, et al. An ex vivo study exploring the diagnostic potential of 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region. Head Neck. 2002;24:766–772
  33. Huang W, Roche P, Shindo M, Madoff D, Geronimo C, Button T. Evaluation of head and neck tumor response to therapy using in vivo 1H MR spectroscopy: correlation with pathology. Proc Int Soc Magn Reson. 2000;8:552
  34. McKnight TR. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic evaluation of brain tumor metabolism. Semin Oncol. 2004;31:605–617
  35. Barker PB, Breiter SN, Soher BJ, et al. Quantitative proton spectroscopy of canine brain: in vivo and in vitro correlations. Magn Reson Med. 1994;32:157–163
  36. Albers MJ, Krieger MD, Gonzalez-Gomez I, et al. Proton-decoupled 31P MRS in untreated pediatric brain tumors. Magn Reson Med. 2005;53:22–29
  37. Usenius JP, Vainio P, Hernesniemi J, Kauppinen RA. Choline-containing compounds in human astrocytomas studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy in vivo and in vitro. J Neurochem. 1994;63:1538–1543
  38. Smith TA, Glaholm J, Leach MO, Machin L, McCready VR. The effect of intra-tumour heterogeneity on the distribution of phosphorus-containing metabolites within human breast tumours: an in vitro study using 31P NMR spectroscopy. NMR Biomed. 1991;4:262–267
  39. Aboagye EO, Bhujwalla ZM. Malignant transformation alters membrane choline phospholipid metabolism of human mammary epithelial cells. Cancer Res. 1999;59:80–84
  40. Cai H, Erhardt P, Troppmair J, et al. Hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine couples Ras to activation of Raf protein kinase during mitogenic signal transduction. Mol Cell Biol. 1993;13:7645–7651
  41. Daly PF, Lyon RC, Faustino PJ, Cohen JS. Phospholipid metabolism in cancer cells monitored by 31P NMR spectroscopy. J Biol Chem. 1987;262:14875–14878
  42. Miceli MV, Kan LS, Newsome DA. Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of human retinoblastoma cells: correlation with metabolic indices. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1988;970:262–269
  43. Bruhn H, Frahm J, Gyngell ML, et al. Noninvasive differentiation of tumors with use of localized H-1 MR spectroscopy in vivo: initial experience in patients with cerebral tumors. Radiology. 1989;172:541–548
  44. Kinoshita Y, Yokota A, Koga Y. Phosphorylethanolamine content of human brain tumors. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 1994;34:803–806
  45. Clejan S. HPLC analytical methods for the separation of molecular species of fatty acids in diacylglycerol and cellular phospholipids. Methods Mol Biol. 1998;105:255–274
  46. Kalra R, Wade KE, Hands L, et al. Phosphomonoester is associated with proliferation in human breast cancer: a 31P MRS study. Br J Cancer. 1993;67:1145–1153
  47. Maris JM, Evans AE, McLaughlin AC, et al. 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic investigation of human neuroblastoma in situ. N Engl J Med. 1985;312:1500–1505
  48. Kinoshita Y, Yokota A. Absolute concentrations of metabolites in human brain tumors using in vitro proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. NMR Biomed. 1997;10:2–12
  49. Dixon RM, Tian M. Phospholipid synthesis in the lymphomatous mouse liver studied by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in vitro and by administration of 14C-radiolabelled compounds in vivo. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993;1181:111–121
  50. Cullis PR, de Kruijff B, Hope MJ, Nayar R, Schmid SL. Phospholipids and membrane transport. Can J Biochem. 1980;58:1091–1100
  51. Kiss Z, Crilly KS, Anderson WH. Carcinogens stimulate phosphorylation of ethanolamine derived from increased hydrolysis of phosphatidylethanolamine in C3H/101/2 fibroblasts. FEBS Lett. 1993;336:115–118
  52. Gillham H, Brindle KM. 31P NMR measurements of the effects of unsaturated fatty acids on cellular phospholipid metabolism. Magn Reson Med. 1996;35:481–488
  53. Smith TA, Glaholm J, Leach MO, et al. A comparison of in vivo and in vitro 31P NMR spectra from human breast tumours: variations in phospholipid metabolism. Br J Cancer. 1991;63:514–516

 This work was funded by grant RO1-CA102756 from the National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, MD).

PII: S1076-6332(09)00325-0

doi: 10.1016/j.acra.2009.06.001

Academic Radiology
Volume 16, Issue 11 , Pages 1366-1372 , November 2009