Academic Radiology
Volume 17, Issue 3 , Pages 277-281 , March 2010

Short Term Effects of Magnetic Resonance Imaging on Excitability of the Motor Cortex at 1.5T and 7T

  • Marc Schlamann, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to: M.S.
    • ,
  • Min-Suk Yoon, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
    • ,
  • Stefan Maderwald, MSc

      Affiliations

    • Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
    • ,
  • Thomas Pietrzyk, Cand.med.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
    • ,
  • Andreas K. Bitz, MSc

      Affiliations

    • Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
    • Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
    • ,
  • Marcus Gerwig, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
    • ,
  • Michael Forsting, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
    • Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
    • ,
  • Susanne C. Ladd, MD, MSc

      Affiliations

    • Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
    • Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
    • ,
  • Mark E. Ladd, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
    • Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
    • ,
  • Oliver Kastrup, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122 Essen, Germany

Received 26 June 2009 ,Accepted 5 October 2009.

References 

  1. Moller HE, von Cramon DY. Bestandsaufnahme zu Risiken durch statische Magnetfelder im Zusammenhang mit der Ultrahochfeld-MRT. Rofo. 2008;180:293–301
  2. Shellock FG, Crues JV. MR procedures: biologic effects, safety, and patient care. Radiology. 2004;232:635–652
  3. Kraff O, Theysohn JM, Maderwald S, et al. MRI of the knee at 7.0 Tesla. Rofo. 2007;179:1231–1235
  4. Theysohn JM, Maderwald S, Kraff O, et al. Subjective acceptance of 7 Tesla MRI for human imaging. MAGMA. 2008;21:63–72
  5. Lopez-Ibor JJ, Lopez-Ibor MI, Pastrana JI. Transcranial magnetic stimulation. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2008;21:640–644
  6. Kastrup O, Leonhardt G, Kurthen M, et al. Cortical motor reorganization following early brain damage and hemispherectomy demonstrated by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Clin Neurophysiol. 2000;111:1346–1352
  7. Rossini PM, Barker AT, Berardelli A, et al. Non-invasive electrical and magnetic stimulation of the brain, spinal cord and roots: basic principles and procedures for routine clinical application. Report of an IFCN committee. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1994;91:79–92
  8. International Electrotechnical Commission. International standard, medical equipment—part 2: particular requirements for the safety of magnetic resonance equipment for medical diagnosis. Geneva, Switzerland: International Electrotechnical Commission; 2002;601–633
  9. Collins CM, Smith MB. Signal-to-noise ratio and absorbed power as functions of main magnetic field strength, and definition of “90 degrees” RF pulse for the head in the birdcage coil. Magn Reson Med. 2001;45:684–691
  10. von Klitzing L. Do static magnetic fields of NMR influence biological signals?. Clin Phys Physiol Meas. 1986;7:157–160
  11. Hong CZ, Shellock FG. Short-term exposure to a 1.5 Tesla static magnetic field does not affect somato-sensory-evoked potentials in man. Magn Reson Imaging. 1990;8:65–69
  12. Müller S, Hotz M. Human brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) before and after MR examinations. Magn Reson Med. 1990;16:476–480
  13. Pacini S, Vannelli GB, Barni T, et al. Effect of 0.2 T static magnetic field on human neurons: remodeling and inhibition of signal transduction without genome instability. Neurosci Lett. 1999;267:185–188
  14. Formica D, Silvestri S. Biological effects of exposure to magnetic resonance imaging: an overview. Biomed Eng Online. 2004;3:11
  15. Rothwell JC. Techniques and mechanisms of action of transcranial stimulation of the human motor cortex. J Neurosci Methods. 1997;74:113–122
  16. Ziemann U, Lonnecker S, Steinhoff BJ, et al. Effects of antiepileptic drugs on motor cortex excitability in humans: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study. Ann Neurol. 1996;40:367–378
  17. Cantello R, Gianelli M, Civardi C, et al. Magnetic brain stimulation: the silent period after the motor evoked potential. Neurology. 1992;42:1951–1959
  18. Chen R, Lozano AM, Ashby P. Mechanism of the silent period following transcranial magnetic stimulation. Evidence from epidural recordings. Exp Brain Res. 1999;128:539–542
  19. Werhahn KJ, Kunesch E, Noachtar S, et al. Differential effects on motorcortical inhibition induced by blockade of GABA uptake in humans. J Physiol. 1999;517:591–597
  20. Chakeres DW, Bornstein R, Kangarlu A. Randomized comparison of cognitive function in humans at 0 and 8 Tesla. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2003;18:342–345
  21. Chakeres DW, Kangarlu A, Boudoulas H, et al. Effect of static magnetic field exposure of up to 8 Tesla on sequential human vital sign measurements. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2003;18:346–352
  22. Schaefer DJ, Bourland JD, Nyenhuis JA. Review of patient safety in time-varying gradient fields. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2000;12:20–29
  23. Bourland JD, Nyenhuis JA, Schaefer DJ. Physiologic effects of intense MR imaging gradient fields. Neuroimaging Clin North Am. 1999;9:363–377
  24. Ham CL, Engels JM, van de Wiel GT, et al. Peripheral nerve stimulation during MRI: effects of high gradient amplitudes and switching rates. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1997;7:933–937
  25. Scheef L, Landsberg MW, Boecker H. Methodological aspects of functional neuroimaging at high field strength: a critical review [article in German]. Rofo. 2007;179:925–931
  26. Shellock FG, Schaefer DJ, Kanal E. Physiologic responses to an MR imaging procedure performed at a specific absorption rate of 6.0 W/kg. Radiology. 1994;192:865–868
  27. Bestmann S. The physiological basis of transcranial magnetic stimulation. Trends Cogn Sci. 2008;12:81–83
  28. Filipovic SR, Siebner HR, Rowe JB, et al. Modulation of cortical activity by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS): a review of functional imaging studies and the potential use in dystonia. Adv Neurol. 2004;94:45–52
  29. Arthurs OJ, Boniface S. How well do we understand the neural origins of the fMRI BOLD signal?. Trends Neurosci. 2002;25:27–31
  30. Shibasaki H. Human brain mapping: hemodynamic response and electrophysiology. Clin Neurophysiol. 2008;119:731–743

PII: S1076-6332(09)00567-4

doi: 10.1016/j.acra.2009.10.004

Academic Radiology
Volume 17, Issue 3 , Pages 277-281 , March 2010

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution