Academic Radiology
Volume 17, Issue 9 , Pages 1079-1082 , September 2010

Developing a New Reference Standard: Is Validation Necessary?

  • Rachel Gold, BA

      Affiliations

    • New York College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to: R.G.
    • ,
  • Melissa Reichman, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York Presbyterian Hospital, 525 East 68th Street, Starr 8A, New York, NY 10065
    • ,
  • Edward Greenberg, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York Presbyterian Hospital, 525 East 68th Street, Starr 8A, New York, NY 10065
    • ,
  • Jana Ivanidze, MD

      Affiliations

    • Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
    • ,
  • Elliott Elias, MD, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
    • ,
  • Apostolos J. Tsiouris, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York Presbyterian Hospital, 525 East 68th Street, Starr 8A, New York, NY 10065
    • ,
  • Joseph P. Comunale, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York Presbyterian Hospital, 525 East 68th Street, Starr 8A, New York, NY 10065
    • ,
  • Carl E. Johnson, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York Presbyterian Hospital, 525 East 68th Street, Starr 8A, New York, NY 10065
    • ,
  • Pina C. Sanelli, MD, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York Presbyterian Hospital, 525 East 68th Street, Starr 8A, New York, NY 10065
    • Department of Public Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York Presbyterian Hospital, 525 East 68th Street, Starr 8A, New York, NY 10065

Received 30 October 2009 ,Accepted 25 May 2010.

References 

  1. Pfeiffer RM, Castle PE. With or without a gold standard. Epidemiology. 2005;15:595–597
  2. Streiner DL, Norman GR. “Precision” and “accuracy”: two terms that are neither. J Clin Epidemiol. 2006;59:327–330
  3. Altman DG, Royston P. What do we mean by validating a prognostic model?. Stat Med. 2000;19:453–473
  4. Simon R, Altman DG. Statistical aspects of prognostic factor studies in oncology. Br J Cancer. 1994;6:979–985
  5. Earnst F, Forbes G, Sandok BA, et al. Complications of diagnostic cerebral angiography: prospective assessment of risk. Am J Roentgenol AJR. 1984;142:247–253
  6. Pryor JC, Setton A, Nelson PK, et al. Complications of diagnostic cerebral angiography and tips on avoidance. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 1996;6:751–758
  7. Alonzo TA, Pepe MS. Assessing the accuracy of a new diagnostic test when a gold standard does not exist. UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series. 1998;3–32
  8. Reichman M, Greenberg E, Gold R, et al. Developing patient-centered outcome measures for evaluating vasospasm in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Acad Radiol. 2009;16:541–545
  9. Rabinstein AA, Weigand S, Atkinson JLD, et al. Patterns of cerebral infarction in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke. 2005;36:992–997
  10. Shimoda M, Takeuchi M, Tominaga J, et al. Asymptomatic versus symptomatic infarcts from vasospasm in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage: serial magnetic resonance imaging. Neurosurgery. 2001;49:1341–1350
  11. Macdonald LR, Weir B. Medical aspects of vasospasm. Cerebral vasospasm. Academic Press; 2001;353–458
  12. ten Bosch JJ, Angmar-Mansson B. Characterization and validation of diagnostic methods. Monogr Oral Sci. 2000;17:174–189
  13. Glasziou P, Irwig L, Deeks JJ. When should a new test become the current reference standard?. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149:816–821
  14. Rutjes AWS, Reitsma JB, Coomarasamy A, et al. Evaluation of diagnostic tests when there is no gold standard. A review of methods. Health Technol Assess. 2007;50:11–12
  15. Fraile M, Rull M, Julian FJ, et al. Sentinel node biopsy as a practical alternative to axillary lymph node dissection in breast cancer patients: an approach to its validity. Ann Oncol. 2000;11:701–705

 This publication was made possible by Grant Number 5K23NS058387-02 from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official view of NINDS or NIH.

 Conflict of interest: None.

PII: S1076-6332(10)00305-3

doi: 10.1016/j.acra.2010.05.021

Academic Radiology
Volume 17, Issue 9 , Pages 1079-1082 , September 2010

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