Comparison of Digital with Film Radiographs for the Classification of Pneumoconiotic Pleural Abnormalities

Larson, Theodore C.; Holiday, David B.; Antao, Vinicius C.; Thomas, Jerry; Pinheiro, Germania; Kapil, Vikas; Franzblau, Alfred

doi:10.1016/j.acra.2011.10.002

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Volume 19, Issue 2 , Pages 131-140, February 2012

Comparison of Digital with Film Radiographs for the Classification of Pneumoconiotic Pleural Abnormalities

Theodore C. Larson, MS
- Division of Health Studies, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 4770 Buford Highway NE, MS F57, Atlanta, GA 30341
- Address correspondence to: T.C.L.
David B. Holiday, PhD
- RTI International, Atlanta, Georgia
Vinicius C. Antao, MD, MSc, PhD
- Division of Health Studies, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 4770 Buford Highway NE, MS F57, Atlanta, GA 30341
Jerry Thomas, MS
- Via Christi Health and University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita, Kansas
Germania Pinheiro, MD, MSc, PhD
- National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
Vikas Kapil, DO, MPH
- Office of Noncommunicable Diseases, Injury and Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
Alfred Franzblau, MD
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Received 29 August 2011; accepted 3 October 2011. published online 21 November 2011.

Rationale and Objectives

Analog film radiographs are typically used to classify pneumoconiosis to allow comparison with standard film radiographs. The aim of this study was to determine if digital radiography is comparable to film for the purpose of classifying pneumoconiotic pleural abnormalities.

Materials and Methods

Subjects were 200 asbestos-exposed patients, from whom digital and film chest radiographs were obtained along with chest high-resolution computed tomographic scans. Using a crossover design, radiographs were independently read on two occasions by seven readers, using conventional International Labour Organization standards for film and digitized standards for digital. High-resolution computed tomographic scans were read independently by three readers. Areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curves were calculated using high-resolution computed tomographic ratings as the gold standard for disease status. Mixed linear models were fit to estimate the effects of order of presentation, occasion, and modality, treating the seven readers as a random effect. Comparing digital and film radiography for each reader and occasion, crude agreement and agreement beyond chance (κ) were also calculated.

Results

The linear models showed no statistically significant sequence effect for order of presentation (P = .73) or occasion (P = .28). Most important, the difference between modalities was not statistically significant (digital vs film, P = .54). The mean area under the curve for film was 0.736 and increased slightly to 0.741 for digital. Mean crude agreement for the presence of pleural abnormalities consistent with pneumoconiosis across all readers and occasions was 78.3%, while the mean κ value was 0.49.

Conclusions

These results indicate that digital radiography is not statistically different from analog film for the purpose of classifying pneumoconiotic pleural abnormalities, when appropriate standards are used.

Key Words: Chest radiographs, pneumoconiosis, digital radiographs, receiver-operating characteristic curves, kappa